The Truth About Nutrition
An Interview with Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S.
by Chris Shugart


I don't know if nutrition is 50 percent of the bodybuilding
game, 70 percent, or 99.9 percent. All I know is that ignoring it
is the worst mistake you can make. You won't look like you
want to look or feel like you want to feel. Chances are, if you
look in the mirror and don't like what you see, it's your diet that's
to blame.
One of the best books I've ever read on food and nutrition
is called The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth, by Jonny
Bowden, Ph.D.

Bowden is not only a renowned expert on weight loss and
nutrition, he's also the go-to-guy for
other diet experts. His books have been recommended by everyone
from Barry Sears of Zone Diet fame to Charles Poliquin of gigantic
biceps fame. (Bowden wrote the nutrition portion of Poliquin's
certification course.)
I recently met up with Bowden and hit him with a few questions
that have been on my mind since I started reading his work.

Testosterone Nation: One of your books, The 150 Healthiest
Foods on Earth, is considered to be controversial because some of
the info goes against what most people believe. For example, soy
doesn't make your favorite list but whole eggs do. Yet most
Americans think soy is a miracle food and whole eggs are
bad for you.
Dr. Johnny Bowden: There
are a lot of foods and ingredients that don't fall cleanly into the
good and bad category. The same thing is true with exercise. Is a low-rep
bench press a good exercise? Well, sure it is, but not if you're a
74-year old woman trying to get some strength to open a jar. It would
be a stupid exercise for that person.

In much the same way, many foods and ingredients fall into that
category. Some foods are naturally high in sugar. Not a problem if
you don't have any issues with the metabolism of sugar. If you
do, then you might want to stay away from bananas or mangoes. Those
are great foods, lots of nutrients, but may not be a good choice
for someone who's pre-diabetic.
T-Nation: Any "health foods" being touted today that, well, really aren't that healthy?
Bowden: Our huge emphasis on grains is very misplaced. A very
substantial portion of the population has sensitivities to gluten.
One in 133 people have full-blown celiac disease.

Grains are fairly new in human history — the last
10,000 years, which compared to 2.4 million years
isn't that long. Grains cause problems for a lot of people. If
you're not one of those people, it's fine
food. But for a lot of people, more than you might think, a
grain-free or at least gluten-free diet may be a smart idea.
T-Nation: How about saturated fat?
Bowden: Very misunderstood. I'm not convinced that
saturated fat is the worst thing in a person's diet, and
I'm completely convinced that heart disease is not caused by cholesterol.

Saturated fat comes in lots of "flavors." It's a
whole family of fatty acids, and some of them, like the
medium-chain triglycerides in coconut, are downright healthy for
you. Coconut oil has been a terribly misunderstood food because people
think that because it has saturated fat it's not good for you. Not so.


Saturated fat can come in the form of the crap that's in
McDonald's fries or it can come in the form of some of
the fat in an egg yolk. These are not the same animal, so to speak.
They're very different in terms of their effects on the body.
The saturated fat in coconut and yolks is extremely healthy, good
for the heart and the brain. An egg-white omelet is one of the
dumbest things in the world.
T-Nation: Are we talking standard eggs here or the free-range,
omega-3 enriched variety?
Bowden: All animal products are only as good as the diet of the
animal and living conditions of the animal. Or, as I write in my
book, the quality of the food we eat comes from the quality of the
food our food eats. So yes, free range is important.


If you put cows in a little stall so small that they can't
turn around, feed them grain (which is not their natural diet),
give them antibiotics to deal with their gut illnesses from the
grains, milk them 24/7 and give them more infections and therefore more antibiotics
and steroids... well, that's a whole different animal compared to the
one on Grandma Jones's farm grazing in the pasture. Everything about
them is different -- CLA content, everything.





With chickens it's the same thing. Unfortunately,
agribusiness has co-opted the term "free range" so it
doesn't really have as much meaning as we hoped it would. We
picture chickens running around a farm, but the term has been
downgraded to mean that the chicken simply has "access"
to the range. That "access" may only mean two weeks a
year. Or it may have "access" to a little gate that he
doesn't even know how to use.

I'd still try to find
free-range, farmers-market, omega-3 enriched eggs, though I
don't even care much about omega-3 enriched. If they're
truly free range and they're eating their natural diet and
pecking at worms, then they'll have plenty of omega-3 anyway.
T-Nation: To go along with the corporate abuse of "free
range," it seems like the word "natural" is also
misused a lot.
Bowden:"Natural" doesn't mean anything — no
legal meaning, no agreed-upon meaning, no meaning whatsoever! There
are natural mushrooms that will kill you. Poison ivy is natural, so
is gasoline, and I'm not eating either one of them.

"Natural" is a complete marketing gimmick. You're
now seeing that label on foods that were never grown, hunted for,
fished for, plucked or gathered. What's natural about food
that comes in a plastic box? Even vitamin supplements aren't
natural. They don't grow on trees.
T-Nation: I see that Lucky Charms are now proudly made with whole grains...
Bowden: That's a perfect example of how the language has
become degraded.
T-Nation: And if I'm correct, the label "made with
whole grains" can mean that they only threw in a sprinkle of
actual whole grain.
Bowden: That's exactly what it means. It started life as a
whole grain but by the time you get it there's nothing left in
it. It's kind of like making yogurt with live cultures. They
hope you don't notice this, but there's quite a
distinction between starting with live cultures and actually
having any left when you eat it. It has to contain live cultures.

And by the way, I don't think whole grains are that much
better than the crappy kind. They're only marginally better.
They still have about the same effect on blood sugar -- they only
marginally lower glycemic load. They still affect people who are
gluten-sensitive, and they still have the same effect as far as
bloat goes.


Whole grains do have more vitamins and supposedly more fiber, but not much. It's like eating white sugar vs.
brown sugar. Whole grains are better than regular, but not
significantly.
T-Nation: Ouch. That's painful to hear. It's sometimes easy to
justify a too-high carb intake if it's "healthy"
whole grain. So, what other supposed "health-food" trends make you want to
tear your hair out?
Bowden: Special K cereal being marketed as a healthy cereal.
That's nonsense.
T-Nation: And the commercials encourage women to eat it at
night! Scary. What do you think the next
"super food" will be?
Bowden: That's a good question, but it needs a little
parsing. What's going to be the next big super food has more
to do with marketing and commercialization than it does with the
inherent value of the food.

Kale, blueberries, and prunes are superstar foods on any level,
but are they going to be the next big thing? If there was a new
food discovered that had even half of what those foods have,
everyone would be clamoring about it. You can construct an
amazingly healthy diet with the foods that are already out there.

There's not one food on earth that has everything you need.
Wild salmon, one of my favorites, still doesn't have any
fiber. The best vegetable in the world, like kale, isn't going
to have any protein. You can't get everything you need from
one food, even a super food. Instead you put a wide variety of
these foods into heavy rotation.

Another problem with the super food label is that it creates a
false impression that you can continue to eat crap as long as you
have a glass of MonaVie everyday. [Editor's note: MonaVie is a
drink made from acai berries.] That, by the way, is another trend
that makes me want to pull my hair out: the multi-level-marketing
juices with false health claims. They actually claim it cures
cancer. It's B.S.multi-level marketing at its slimiest.
T-Nation: Let's talk man-food. Are there any
specific foods for men that may help boost testosterone levels, or
help prevent any male-oriented diseases?
Bowden: I haven't yet found any substantial evidence that
any particular food raises testosterone levels. You can raise
testosterone by being at a football game and having your team win.
Hormones are actually very responsive to thoughts, moods, and
feelings.

Now, as far as foods go, I think there are some foods that are
estrogenic. Soy, for example. Soy isn't the worst food in the
world, but it has estrogenic compounds. So does beer --
that's one of the reasons people get beer bellies. So those
are things you don't want when trying to build muscle and
optimize the hormonal environment.

So don't think of it as raising testosterone, but moving
stuff out of the way so it can do its best work. Here's an
analogy: Let's say you're a swimmer and you want to go as
fast as possible. You could research those titanium Speedos that
might give you a slight edge, but if you're wearing weights
around your ankles, fuck the Speedos; first drop the ankle weights!

I think a lot of people are in this position of walking around
asking, "What's the fastest Speedo?" when they
should be simply getting the weights off their ankles. With
testosterone, what breaks down muscle? Cortisol, right? How about
lowering your cortisol levels?

There's only so much we can do to naturally boost
testosterone, but we can do a lot to get the weights off our
ankles. And cortisol, as Dr. Michael Colgan once put it, is the
Grinch of bodybuilding. It eats up muscle.

What bodybuilders rarely do is use some type of stress reduction
technique or meditation or deep breathing. Those things, along with
uninterrupted sleep in a dark room without the TV on, lower
cortisol more than anything. I think that's more important
than trying to boost testosterone.



T-Nation: Interesting points there. Now, you've
written a couple books about low-carb diets, so what do you think
of the idea that there's no such thing as an essential
carbohydrate?
Bowden: That's correct. There are essential fatty
acids and essential amino acids, but not essential carbohydrates.

Let's say we put all T-Nation readers on an island for a
year. We give half of them nothing but protein and fats for that
year. The other half gets all carbohydrates — no protein, no
fat. That group, the carb-only group, would be dead in a year. The
other group will do just fine.

The actual dietary requirement for carbs in the diet is zero.
Now, does that mean we should eat zero carbohydrates? No. There are
incredibly important things in carbohydrate-containing foods such
as phytochemicals, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals,
anti-inflammatories and all kinds of stuff we
desperately need for optimal health.